NAC per prevenire il cancro alla prostata (e al seno)
Free Radic Biol Med. 2010 Aug 1;49(3):392-400. Epub 2010 May 31.
N-acetylcysteine blocks formation of cancer-initiating estrogen-DNA adducts in cells.
Zahid M, Saeed M, Ali MF, Rogan EG, Cavalieri EL.
Source
Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, College of Public Health, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA.
Abstract
Catechol estrogens, especially 4-hydroxylated metabolites of 17beta-estradiol (E(2)), are responsible for estrogen-induced carcinogenesis. 4-Hydroxyestradiol (4-OHE(2)), a major metabolite of E(2) formed preferentially by cytochrome P-450 1B1, is oxidized to E(2)-3,4-quinone, which can react with DNA to yield the depurinating adducts 4-OHE(2)-1-N3Ade and 4-OHE(2)-1-N7Gua. The apurinic sites generated by the loss of these depurinating adducts induce mutations that could lead to cancer initiation. In this study, we have evaluated the effects of N-acetylcysteine (NAcCys) on the metabolism of two cell lines, MCF-10F (a normal human breast epithelial cell line) and E6 (a normal mouse mammary epithelial cell line), treated with 4-OHE(2) or its reactive metabolite, E(2)-3,4-quinone. Extensive HPLC with electrochemical detection and UPLC-MS/MS analyses of the cell media demonstrated that the presence of NAcCys very efficiently shifted the estrogen metabolism toward protective methoxylation and conjugation pathways in multiple ways, whereas formation of depurinating DNA adducts was inhibited. Protection by NAcCys seems to be similar in both cell lines, irrespective of their origin (human or mouse) or the presence of estrogen receptor-alpha. This finding suggests that NAcCys, a common dietary supplement, could be used as a potential chemopreventive agent to block the initial step in the genotoxicity caused by catechol estrogen quinones.
Copyright 2010 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
PMID: 20472053 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] PMCID: PMC2900421 [Available on 2011/8/1]
Steroid Biochem Mol Biol. 2011 Mar 21. [Epub ahead of print]
Unbalanced metabolism of endogenous estrogens in the etiology and prevention of human cancer.
Cavalieri EL, Rogan EG.
Source
Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 986805 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-6805, United States; Department of Environmental, Agricultural and Occupational Health, College of Public Health, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 986805 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-6805, United States.
Abstract
Among the numerous small molecules in the body, the very few aromatic ones include the estrogens and dopamine. In relation to cancer initiation, the estrogens should be considered as chemicals, not as hormones. Metabolism of estrogens is characterized by two major pathways. One is hydroxylation to form the 2- and 4-catechol estrogens, and the second is hydroxylation at the 16#945; position. In the catechol pathway, the metabolism involves further oxidation to semiquinones and quinones, including formation of the catechol estrogen-3,4-quinones, the major carcinogenic metabolites of estrogens. These electrophilic compounds react with DNA to form the depurinating adducts 4-OHE(1)(E(2))-1-N3Ade and 4-OHE(1)(E(2))-1-N7Gua. The apurinic sites obtained by this reaction generate the mutations that may lead to the initiation of cancer. Oxidation of catechol estrogens to their quinones is normally in homeostasis, which minimizes formation of the quinones and their reaction with DNA. When the homeostasis is disrupted, excessive amounts of catechol estrogen quinones are formed and the resulting increase in depurinating DNA adducts can lead to initiation of cancer. Substantial evidence demonstrates the mutagenicity of the estrogen metabolites and their ability to induce transformation of mouse and human breast epithelial cells, and tumors in laboratory animals. Furthermore, women at high risk for breast cancer or diagnosed with the disease, men with prostate cancer, and men with non-Hodgkin lymphoma all have relatively high levels of estrogen-DNA adducts, compared to matched control subjects. Specific antioxidants, such as N-acetylcysteine and resveratrol, can block the oxidation of catechol estrogens to their quinones and their reaction with DNA. As a result, the initiation of cancer can be prevented.
Copyright © 2011. Published by Elsevier Ltd.
PMID: 21397019 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Miele come gastroprotettivo. Efficace quanto la cimetidina, e senza effetti collaterali (tra cui l'alopecia).
Considerando l'abuso di antidolorifici (con relativi effetti collaterali a carico delle pareti gastriche) e di farmaci antireflusso e altiulcera, non è una cosa da poco disporre di un alimento/farmaco così efficace e a buon mercato.
J Coll Physicians Surg Pak. 2011 Mar;21(3):151-6.
Comparative gastroprotective effects of natural honey, Nigella sativa and cimetidine against acetylsalicylic acid induced gastric ulcer in albino rats.
Bukhari MH, Khalil J, Qamar S, Qamar Z, Zahid M, Ansari N, Bakhshi IM.
Source
Department of Pharmacology, Services Institute of Medical Sciences, Lahore. drmhbukhari@yahoo.com
Abstract
OBJECTIVE:
Natural honey (NH) and Nigella sativa (NS) seeds have been in use as a natural remedy for over thousands of years in various parts of the world. The aim of this study was to assess the protective effects of NS (Nigella sativa) and NH (natural honey) on acetylsalicylic acid induced gastric ulcer in an experimental model with comparison to Cimetidine (CD).
STUDY DESIGN:
Experimental, case control study.
PLACE AND DURATION OF STUDY:
Pharmacology and Pathology Department of King Edward Medical University, Lahore, from June to August 2007.
METHODOLOGY:
The study was conducted on 100 male albino rats, divided into 5 groups, with 20 animals in each group. Group A was used as a control and treated with Gum Tragacanth (GT). Eighty animals of the other groups were given acetylsalicylic acid (0.2 gm/kg body weight for 3 days) to produce ulcers by gavage. Two animals from each group were sacrificed for the detection of gastric ulcers. The remaining 72 animals were equally divided in four groups (B, C, D and E). The rats in group B, C and D were given NS, NH, and CD respectively while those in E were kept as such.
RESULTS:
No gastric lesions were seen in control group A while all the animals in group E revealed gastric ulcers. The animals of group B, C and D showed healing effects in 15/18 (83%), 14/18 (78%) and 17/18 (94%) animals grossly; 13/18 (72%), 14/18 (78%) and 16/18 (89%) rats showed recovery on microscopic examination respectively. The healing effects were almost the same in all three groups therefore, the statistical difference was not significant among them (p =0.40 and 0.65) while significant from group E (p=0.0000075, 0.0000016 and 0.0000012 respectively).
CONCLUSION:
NS and NH are equally effective in healing of gastric ulcer similar to cimetidine. Further broad spectrum studies as well as clinical trials should be conducted before the use of these products as routine medicines.
Free Radic Biol Med. 2010 Aug 1;49(3):392-400. Epub 2010 May 31.
N-acetylcysteine blocks formation of cancer-initiating estrogen-DNA adducts in cells.
Zahid M, Saeed M, Ali MF, Rogan EG, Cavalieri EL.
Source
Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, College of Public Health, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA.
Abstract
Catechol estrogens, especially 4-hydroxylated metabolites of 17beta-estradiol (E(2)), are responsible for estrogen-induced carcinogenesis. 4-Hydroxyestradiol (4-OHE(2)), a major metabolite of E(2) formed preferentially by cytochrome P-450 1B1, is oxidized to E(2)-3,4-quinone, which can react with DNA to yield the depurinating adducts 4-OHE(2)-1-N3Ade and 4-OHE(2)-1-N7Gua. The apurinic sites generated by the loss of these depurinating adducts induce mutations that could lead to cancer initiation. In this study, we have evaluated the effects of N-acetylcysteine (NAcCys) on the metabolism of two cell lines, MCF-10F (a normal human breast epithelial cell line) and E6 (a normal mouse mammary epithelial cell line), treated with 4-OHE(2) or its reactive metabolite, E(2)-3,4-quinone. Extensive HPLC with electrochemical detection and UPLC-MS/MS analyses of the cell media demonstrated that the presence of NAcCys very efficiently shifted the estrogen metabolism toward protective methoxylation and conjugation pathways in multiple ways, whereas formation of depurinating DNA adducts was inhibited. Protection by NAcCys seems to be similar in both cell lines, irrespective of their origin (human or mouse) or the presence of estrogen receptor-alpha. This finding suggests that NAcCys, a common dietary supplement, could be used as a potential chemopreventive agent to block the initial step in the genotoxicity caused by catechol estrogen quinones.
Copyright 2010 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
PMID: 20472053 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] PMCID: PMC2900421 [Available on 2011/8/1]
Steroid Biochem Mol Biol. 2011 Mar 21. [Epub ahead of print]
Unbalanced metabolism of endogenous estrogens in the etiology and prevention of human cancer.
Cavalieri EL, Rogan EG.
Source
Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 986805 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-6805, United States; Department of Environmental, Agricultural and Occupational Health, College of Public Health, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 986805 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-6805, United States.
Abstract
Among the numerous small molecules in the body, the very few aromatic ones include the estrogens and dopamine. In relation to cancer initiation, the estrogens should be considered as chemicals, not as hormones. Metabolism of estrogens is characterized by two major pathways. One is hydroxylation to form the 2- and 4-catechol estrogens, and the second is hydroxylation at the 16#945; position. In the catechol pathway, the metabolism involves further oxidation to semiquinones and quinones, including formation of the catechol estrogen-3,4-quinones, the major carcinogenic metabolites of estrogens. These electrophilic compounds react with DNA to form the depurinating adducts 4-OHE(1)(E(2))-1-N3Ade and 4-OHE(1)(E(2))-1-N7Gua. The apurinic sites obtained by this reaction generate the mutations that may lead to the initiation of cancer. Oxidation of catechol estrogens to their quinones is normally in homeostasis, which minimizes formation of the quinones and their reaction with DNA. When the homeostasis is disrupted, excessive amounts of catechol estrogen quinones are formed and the resulting increase in depurinating DNA adducts can lead to initiation of cancer. Substantial evidence demonstrates the mutagenicity of the estrogen metabolites and their ability to induce transformation of mouse and human breast epithelial cells, and tumors in laboratory animals. Furthermore, women at high risk for breast cancer or diagnosed with the disease, men with prostate cancer, and men with non-Hodgkin lymphoma all have relatively high levels of estrogen-DNA adducts, compared to matched control subjects. Specific antioxidants, such as N-acetylcysteine and resveratrol, can block the oxidation of catechol estrogens to their quinones and their reaction with DNA. As a result, the initiation of cancer can be prevented.
Copyright © 2011. Published by Elsevier Ltd.
PMID: 21397019 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Miele come gastroprotettivo. Efficace quanto la cimetidina, e senza effetti collaterali (tra cui l'alopecia).
Considerando l'abuso di antidolorifici (con relativi effetti collaterali a carico delle pareti gastriche) e di farmaci antireflusso e altiulcera, non è una cosa da poco disporre di un alimento/farmaco così efficace e a buon mercato.
J Coll Physicians Surg Pak. 2011 Mar;21(3):151-6.
Comparative gastroprotective effects of natural honey, Nigella sativa and cimetidine against acetylsalicylic acid induced gastric ulcer in albino rats.
Bukhari MH, Khalil J, Qamar S, Qamar Z, Zahid M, Ansari N, Bakhshi IM.
Source
Department of Pharmacology, Services Institute of Medical Sciences, Lahore. drmhbukhari@yahoo.com
Abstract
OBJECTIVE:
Natural honey (NH) and Nigella sativa (NS) seeds have been in use as a natural remedy for over thousands of years in various parts of the world. The aim of this study was to assess the protective effects of NS (Nigella sativa) and NH (natural honey) on acetylsalicylic acid induced gastric ulcer in an experimental model with comparison to Cimetidine (CD).
STUDY DESIGN:
Experimental, case control study.
PLACE AND DURATION OF STUDY:
Pharmacology and Pathology Department of King Edward Medical University, Lahore, from June to August 2007.
METHODOLOGY:
The study was conducted on 100 male albino rats, divided into 5 groups, with 20 animals in each group. Group A was used as a control and treated with Gum Tragacanth (GT). Eighty animals of the other groups were given acetylsalicylic acid (0.2 gm/kg body weight for 3 days) to produce ulcers by gavage. Two animals from each group were sacrificed for the detection of gastric ulcers. The remaining 72 animals were equally divided in four groups (B, C, D and E). The rats in group B, C and D were given NS, NH, and CD respectively while those in E were kept as such.
RESULTS:
No gastric lesions were seen in control group A while all the animals in group E revealed gastric ulcers. The animals of group B, C and D showed healing effects in 15/18 (83%), 14/18 (78%) and 17/18 (94%) animals grossly; 13/18 (72%), 14/18 (78%) and 16/18 (89%) rats showed recovery on microscopic examination respectively. The healing effects were almost the same in all three groups therefore, the statistical difference was not significant among them (p =0.40 and 0.65) while significant from group E (p=0.0000075, 0.0000016 and 0.0000012 respectively).
CONCLUSION:
NS and NH are equally effective in healing of gastric ulcer similar to cimetidine. Further broad spectrum studies as well as clinical trials should be conducted before the use of these products as routine medicines.